ESPA 4

FUTURE

Future with will/won’t

We use will (affirmative) or won‘t (negative) to talk about:

– Predictions: Tomorrow it will rain

– Decisions: I won’t buy that book

– Offers: I’ll help you

– Promises: I will always love you

Future with “going to”

We use “TO BE + going to + VERB” to talk about future plans and predictions:

– Plans: I’m going to meet Peter at seven

– Predictions: It’s going to rain

Online activities

Obligatory activity:

1. Make plans for the weekend.

2. Make predictions about the future.

3. Imagine you are the president of Spain. Make some promises to the people.

QUANTIFIERS

Use of a(n), some, any

A means “one”.

We use a or an for singular countable nouns: a book, a glass, a horse, We use an (and not a) before a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u): an apple, an old book, an hour…

Some and any mean “an uncertain quantity”. We use some and any for plural countable and uncountable nouns.

We use some in affirmative sentences:

– I have some books (countable)

– I’d like some tea, please (uncountable)

We use any in negative and interrogative sentences:

– Is there any sugar in the cupboard? No, there isn’t any sugar.

– Are there any books in the bag? No, there aren’t any books.

*We use some in questions when we think the answer is YES, for example in offers and requests:

– Would you like some water?

– Can I have some coffee, please?

Use of a lot (of), much and many:

A lot, much and many mean “a big quantity”.

We use a lot in affirmative sentences for countable and uncountable nouns: a lot of books, a lot of sugar…

We usually use much and many in negative and interrogative sentences.

Much is for uncountable nouns: I don’t have much money.

Many is for countable nouns: There aren’t many books.

We use how much and how many to ask for the quantity:

– How many books have you read?

– How much money do you have in your pocket?

Use of a little, a few

A little and a few mean a small quantity.

We use a little for uncountable nouns: I have a little coffee.

We use a few for countable nouns: I read a few English books.

Online activity

Obligatory activity. Talk about the following objects in our school using suitable quantifiers: teachers, tables and chairs, books, computers, knowledge, hard work, entertainment.

DESCRIBING PLACES

NOUNS YOU CAN USE TO DESCRIBE PLACES

PLACES AND ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE PLACES

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

A) Online activities

B) Describe the city you were born in. Compare it to another city.

Example:

I was born in Elx. Elx is next to Alacant and it is big and a very nice city. It is near the sea. In Elx there are a lot of beautiful palm-tree gardens and there is a quite old castle. Elx is full of shops and bars, too. I like it because it is my city.

Elx is different to Eivissa. For example Elx is bigger than Eivissa. Eivissa is more expensive than Elx. Eivissa is more crowded in summer and the beaches are more beautiful in Eivissa, but dirtier too.

PRESENT PERFECT

We use the present perfect to talk about past experiences when you don’t say exactly when they happened.

I’ve been to London.

My brother has worked a lot.

For regular verbs the past participle is the same as the past simple (+ed). For irregular verbs you have to learn it.

We often use the past participle with  ever or never.

Have you ever been to London?

I’ve never been to London.

LIKE, WANT AND WOULD LIKE

PRESENT SIMPLE

We use the present simple to talk about routines and everyday actions and facts in general, for example:

I play football on Saturday.
Obama lives in the White House.

Watch this grammar explanation about the present simple:

Practise!
Present Simple and Plural Activities, by Victoria-Ladybug

Here you have some typical everyday actions:

Reading and activities about routines.

PAST SIMPLE

Activities